e-WV: The West Virginia Encyclopedia Online

Early Industry (Short Version)

Last updated on 11 Apr 2025 by Stan Bumgardner

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In the 1800s, West Virginia became a major center for glassmaking because it had lots of glass sand, cheap fuel, and good railroads. Towns wanted factories, and skilled workers came from nearby states like Pennsylvania and Ohio.

By the mid-1800s, glassmaking had split into types like tableware, bottles, and windows. Each type had its own tools, factories, and worker unions, such as the American Flint Glass Workers Union and the Glass Bottle Blowers Association.

  • Making Iron

    Iron making was one of the first industries in Western Virginia because the area had lots of natural resources like iron ore, charcoal, limestone, and water power. It started in 1742 when William Vestal built the first small ironworks, called a bl...

  • U.S. Armory and Arsenal

    The Harpers Ferry armory was built in 1798 and started making weapons by 1799. It produced guns, ammo, and parts for the U.S. military until 1861, including supplies for the Lewis and Clark Expedition.At first, the armory didn’t help the local eco...

  • Making Pottery

    In early America, red pottery with a shiny lead glaze was common because clay was easy to find, but it was fragile and hard to ship. So, local potters made everyday items like bowls and jars from nearby clay.In what is now West Virginia, six redwa...

  • Making Salt

    In early America, salt was hard to get and had to be imported. As settlers moved west, they found natural salt licks but needed more salt, so they started making it. In West Virginia, salt production began around 1797 and grew quickly in the Kanaw...

  • Early Coal Mining

    Coal was known to be in western Virginia since colonial times, but it wasn’t used much until the early 1800s. The first coal mining started near the Kanawha and Ohio rivers, where towns and factories already existed.In 1797, salt furnaces were sta...

  • Making Commercial Textiles

    In the 1800s, cloth-making grew into a big business in parts of West Virginia. Small family-run mills began to replace homemade cloth, using machines to make better yarn and fabric like blankets, stockings, and linsey-woolsey. Mills were found in ...

  • River Transportation

    In 1811, the first inland steamboat, the New Orleans, was launched on the Ohio River. More steamboats followed, and by 1816, a better model called the Washington was launched in Wheeling. By the 1830s, over 450 steamboats were running on the Ohio ...

  • Brickyard Bend

    West Virginia, especially near New Cumberland, had lots of clay for making bricks. Families like the Porters and Mackeys started brick businesses using local clay and firewood, later switching to gas and coal. Bricks were shipped by river and then...

  • Early Glass Industry

    In the 1800s, West Virginia became a major center for glassmaking because it had lots of glass sand, cheap fuel, and good railroads. Towns worked to attract factories, and skilled workers from nearby states helped the industry grow.By the mid-1800...

  • Early Oil and Gas Industries

    West Virginia's oil and gas were first discovered in the 1700s in the Kanawha and Little Kanawha river valleys. In the early 1800s, the Ruffner family found oil and gas while drilling for salt near the Kanawha River. Other families, like the Lemon...