The black bear (Ursidae americanus) is the state animal of West Virginia. It is part of a large family of bears, though the even larger grizzlies and polar bears live far to the north and west.

Black bears are generally less than six feet long and stand two to three feet high at the shoulder. Adult males typically weigh between 150 and 450 pounds, though some have exceeded 600 pounds. Females are smaller. Unlike bears in western states, West Virginia bears are almost uniformly black, with brown muzzles. About 5–10% have small white markings on their chest.

Before European settlement, bears were widespread. However, by the early 1970s, their population had dropped dramatically to an estimated 500, confined to about 10 counties. The black bear has made a remarkable comeback and can now be found statewide. The current population is estimated to be between 12,000 and 14,000, showing a massive increase over the last few decades.

One of the reasons for their comeback is that the Division of Natural Resources now carefully regulates bear hunting seasons to manage the population.